tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-19946575493822869832024-03-12T20:01:16.685-07:00World Congress on Advanced Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering<b>Theme:</b> Innovations in Biomaterials and Emerging Technologies in Tissue Engineering<br>
<b>Date:</b> October 17-18, 2018 <br>
<b>Conference Venue:</b> Rome, ItalyPulsus Conferencehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11642598478748560519noreply@blogger.comBlogger97125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1994657549382286983.post-80509198073502998462018-10-15T05:30:00.003-07:002018-10-15T05:30:47.095-07:00Advanced Biomaterials 2018<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Advanced Biomaterials 2018http://www.blogger.com/profile/08845601789698711616noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1994657549382286983.post-29787153528716456092018-09-19T04:05:00.002-07:002018-09-19T04:05:49.997-07:00<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b>Hepatic Tissue Engineering :</b></div>
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The liver has over 500 functions, including protein, carbohydrate, and lipid metabolism; detoxification of endogenous and exogenous compounds; production of bile for digestion; and secretion of many serum proteins (i.e. albumin, coagulation factors). Each year, over 40,000 people die due to liver failure in the US alone, with over 2 million deaths estimated worldwide. Orthotopic liver transplantation is the only proven therapy for liver failure; however, there is a severe shortage of donor organs. Cell-based therapies have been proposed as an alternative to whole organ transplantation, as a temporary bridge to transplantation, and/or an adjunct to traditional therapies during liver regeneration. The three main approaches that have been proposed are: transplantation of isolated hepatocytes, implantable tissue-engineered constructs, and perfusion of blood through an extracorporeal bioartifical liver device containing parenchymal liver cells called hepatocytes. Despite significant investigations into each of these areas, progress has been stymied due to the propensity for isolated hepatocytes to rapidly lose viability and key liver-specific functions upon isolation from the native microenvironment of the liver.</div>
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Researchers have used microtechnology tools and biomaterials to synthesize 2D and 3D hepatic microenvironments to study determinants of cell fate and function and then perturb and interrogate these to model human disease. Researchers focused on (i) synthesizing human liver microenvironments for in vitro and in vivo interrogation and (ii) perturbing liver microenvironments with pathogens to model human disease. Some of the notable contributions include the discovery of small molecules that drive proliferation of adult hepatocytes and maturation of stem-cell derived progeny to enable sourcing of human hepatocytes, and the development of the first high-throughput model systems to study hepatotropic pathogens.</div>
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Advanced Biomaterials 2018http://www.blogger.com/profile/08845601789698711616noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1994657549382286983.post-12341631459276056852018-09-15T02:55:00.006-07:002018-09-15T02:55:47.816-07:00<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<b>Understanding interactions between Biomaterials and Biological systems using proteomics : </b><br />
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The role that biomaterials play in the clinical treatment of damaged organs and tissues is changing. While biomaterials used in permanent medical devices were required to passively take over the function of a damaged tissue in the long term, current biomaterials are expected to trigger and harness the self-regenerative potential of the body <em>in situ</em> and then to degrade, the foundation of regenerative medicine. To meet these different requirements, it is imperative to fully understand the interactions biomaterials have with biological systems, in space and in time. This knowledge will lead to a better understanding of the regenerative capabilities of biomaterials aiding their design with improved functionalities (e.g. biocompatibility, bioactivity). Proteins play a pivotal role in the interaction between biomaterials and cells or tissues. Protein adsorption on the material surface is the very first event of this interaction, which is determinant for the subsequent processes of cell growth, differentiation, and extracellular matrix formation. Against this background, the aim of the current review is to provide insight in the current knowledge of the role of proteins in cell–biomaterial and tissue–biomaterial interactions. In particular, the focus is on proteomics studies, mainly using mass spectrometry, and the knowledge they have generated on protein adsorption of biomaterials, protein production by cells cultured on materials, safety and efficacy of new materials based on nanoparticles and the analysis of extracellular matrices and extracellular matrix–derived products. In the outlook, the potential and limitations of this approach are discussed and mass spectrometry imaging is presented as a powerful technique that complements existing mass spectrometry techniques by providing spatial molecular information about the material-biological system interactions.</div>
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Advanced Biomaterials 2018http://www.blogger.com/profile/08845601789698711616noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1994657549382286983.post-66849032029115374962018-09-06T05:38:00.002-07:002018-09-06T05:38:30.635-07:00<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b>Magnesium and its alloys as Orthopedic Biomaterials : </b></div>
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As a lightweight metal with mechanical properties similar to natural bone, a natural ionic presence with significant functional roles in biological systems, and in vivo degradation <em>via</em> corrosion in the electrolytic environment of the body, magnesium-based implants have the potential to serve as biocompatible, osteoconductive, degradable implants for load-bearing applications.</div>
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Current metallic biomaterials are essentially neutral in vivo, remaining as permanent fixtures, which in the case of plates, screws and pins used to secure serious fractures, must be removed by a second surgical procedure after the tissue has healed sufficiently. Repeat surgery increases costs to the health care system and further morbidity to the patient. Magnesium is an exceptionally lightweight metal. With a density of 1.74 g/cm3, magnesium is 1.6 and 4.5 times less dense than aluminium and steel, respectively. The fracture toughness of magnesium is greater than ceramic biomaterials such as hydroxyapatite, while the elastic modulus and compressive yield strength of magnesium are closer to those of natural bone than is the case for other commonly used metallic implants. Moreover, magnesium is essential to human metabolism and is naturally found in bone tissue.</div>
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Advanced Biomaterials 2018http://www.blogger.com/profile/08845601789698711616noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1994657549382286983.post-12367850736003727302018-09-05T05:25:00.003-07:002018-09-05T05:25:56.908-07:00<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<b>Synthesis, properties, and biomedical applications of gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogels : </b><br />
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Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogels have been widely used for various biomedical applications due to their suitable biological properties and tunable physical characteristics. GelMA hydrogels closely resemble some essential properties of native extracellular matrix (ECM) due to the presence of cell-attaching and matrix metalloproteinase responsive peptide motifs, which allow cells to proliferate and spread in GelMA-based scaffolds. GelMA is also versatile from a processing perspective. It crosslinks when exposed to light irradiation to form hydrogels with tunable mechanical properties. It can also be microfabricated using different methodologies including micromolding, photomasking, bioprinting, self-assembly, and microfluidic techniques to generate constructs with controlled architectures. Hybrid hydrogel systems can also be formed by mixing GelMA with nanoparticles such as carbon nanotubes and graphene oxide, and other polymers to form networks with desired combined properties and characteristics for specific biological applications. Recent research has demonstrated the proficiency of GelMA-based hydrogels in a wide range of tissue engineering applications including engineering of bone, cartilage, cardiac, and vascular tissues, among others. Other applications of GelMA hydrogels, besides tissue engineering, include fundamental cell research, cell signaling, drug and gene delivery, and bio-sensing.</div>
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Advanced Biomaterials 2018http://www.blogger.com/profile/08845601789698711616noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1994657549382286983.post-1053264844687585962018-09-03T05:14:00.004-07:002018-09-03T05:14:43.609-07:00<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<b>Biomaterials and Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Regenerative Medicine : </b><br />
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The reconstruction of hard and soft tissues is a major challenge in regenerative medicine, since diseases or traumas are causing increasing numbers of tissue defects due to the aging of the population. Modern tissue engineering is increasingly using three-dimensional structured biomaterials in combination with stem cells as cell source, since mature cells are often not available in sufficient amounts or quality. Biomaterial scaffolds are developed that not only serve as cell carriers providing mechanical support, but actively influence cellular responses including cell attachment and proliferation. Chemical modifications such as the incorporation of chemotactic factors or cell adhesion molecules are examined for their ability to enhance tissue development successfully. E.g. growth factors have been investigated extensively as substances able to support cell growth, differentiation and angiogenesis. Thus, continuously new patents and studies are published, which are investigating the advantages and disadvantages of different biomaterials or cell types for the regeneration of specific tissues. The main focus on biomaterials, including natural and synthetic polymers, ceramics and corresponding composites used as scaffold materials to support cell proliferation and differentiation for hard and soft tissues regeneration. In addition, the local delivery of drugs by scaffold biomaterials.</div>
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Advanced Biomaterials 2018http://www.blogger.com/profile/08845601789698711616noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1994657549382286983.post-50548734459223576862018-08-30T22:51:00.005-07:002018-08-30T22:51:46.604-07:00<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<b>Restore, Repair and Regenerate - Aspects and Prospects of Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering :</b><br />
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Regenerative medicine and tissue engineering are rapidly growing fields of study that involves in repairing, restoring and regenerating the damaged or lost tissue. They are interdisciplinary fields of science that involves material science, cell biology, biochemistry and general engineering and medicine principles. According to National Institute of Health (NIH), Regenerative Medicine or Tissue Engineering is defined as "rapidly growing interdisciplinary area which involves physical and engineering sciences to develop functional cells, tissues and organs in order to repair, restore or regenerate or to enhance the lost biological function due to injury, abnormalities or ageing".</div>
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<strong>Components of Tissue Engineering</strong></div>
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A general tissue Engineering product contains the following components: Cells, scaffold/biomaterial and biomolecules or signaling molecules. The procedure involves in seeding the suitable cell type on a biocompatible biomaterial often referred as scaffold together with the signaling molecules in order to grow the desired tissue.</div>
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<em>Biocompatible materials</em> - The choice of biomaterial used influence the growth, cell differentiation and proliferation in the process of tissue engineering.</div>
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<em>Cells</em> - The cells used in the tissue engineering process can be taken from the patient or from the same person to whom the regenerative medicine is applicable (autologous), from another person or donor (allogenic) or the animal cells (xenogenic) and the stem cells.</div>
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Advanced Biomaterials 2018http://www.blogger.com/profile/08845601789698711616noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1994657549382286983.post-53084491512577700032018-08-29T03:20:00.002-07:002018-08-29T03:20:30.622-07:00<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<b>Cell-Biomaterial interaction for construction of synthetic Tissue Microenvironment :</b><br />
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Specific interactions between cell and biomaterials are required to control the cellular functions and for development of a cell (or stem cell) niche. These interactions provide rational designs for construction of specific tissue microenvironment for physiological and pathological conditions.</div>
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The design of biomaterials and the sourcing for appropriate cells are two integrated aspects of tissue engineering to construct a tissue implant for clinical applications. During the past decades, many innovative biomaterials with desirable biological and mechanical properties have emerged, while stem cells have been shown to be a promising cell source to differentiate into many cell types. However, the testing of these bioartificial tissue constructs in the clinical trials is far from satisfactory. How microenvironments in the biomaterials regulate cellular signaling pathways and functions, how stem cell-derived target cells respond to extracellular cues presented by the biomaterials, and how implanted tissue constructs interact with host tissues remain to be investigated.</div>
The fundamental cross-talk between a cell and material to provide microenvironmental cues and in understanding the role (and interplay) of the cues in controlling cellular functions including stem cell for cell adhesion, proliferation, migration and differentiation. The information of the interplay between cell and biomaterials would be helpful to guide us in improving our current strategy to refine the tissue constructs for effective tissue repair in regenerative medicine.<br />
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Advanced Biomaterials 2018http://www.blogger.com/profile/08845601789698711616noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1994657549382286983.post-83009550434770715042018-08-24T01:59:00.005-07:002018-08-24T01:59:59.244-07:00<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<b>Recent Advances in Tissue Engineering Strategies for the Treatment of Joint Damage : </b><br />
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While the clinical potential of tissue engineering for treating joint damage has yet to be realized, research and commercialization efforts in the field are geared towards overcoming major obstacles to clinical translation, as well as towards achieving engineered grafts that recapitulate the unique structures, function, and physiology of the joint. Recent advances in technologies aimed at obtaining biomaterials, stem cells, and bioreactors that will enable the development of effective tissue-engineered treatments for repairing joint damage.</div>
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3D printing of scaffolds is aimed at improving the mechanical structure and microenvironment necessary for bone regeneration within a damaged joint. Advances in our understanding of stem cell biology and cell manufacturing processes are informing translational strategies for the therapeutic use of allogeneic and autologous cells. Finally, bioreactors used in combination with cells and biomaterials are promising strategies for generating large tissue grafts for repairing damaged tissues in pre-clinical models. Together, these advances along with ongoing research directions are making tissue engineering increasingly viable for the treatment of joint damage.<br />
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Advanced Biomaterials 2018http://www.blogger.com/profile/08845601789698711616noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1994657549382286983.post-7957593160872238362018-08-22T05:08:00.003-07:002018-08-22T05:09:26.626-07:00<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Nanofiber Scaffold for Utility in Bone Tissue Regeneration : </span></b><br />
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Many variables serve to alter the process of bone remodeling and diminish regeneration including the size and nature of the wound bed and health status of the individual. To overcome these inhibitory factors, tissue engineered osteoconductive scaffolds paired with various growth factors have been utilized clinically. Bone is a highly vascularized and dynamic tissue that has an innate capacity for healing after injury. However, there are many variables that serve to alter the process of bone remodeling that diminish regeneration including the size and nature of the wound bed and chronic medical conditions. To overcome these inhibitory factors, tissue engineered, osteoconductive scaffolds paired with various growth factors have been utilized clinically in orthopedics and craniofacial surgery. However, many limitations still remain with commercially available products (e.g. rhBMP2) which can lead to rampant inflammation associated with injury or clinical intervention, ectopic bone formation, and ultimately graft failure. The ability for a nanofiber scaffold (Talymed), currently approved to augment cutaneous wound healing, to accelerate growth factor (rhBMP2) generated bone healing compared to the traditional absorbable collagen sponge (ACS) delivery system. To assess this healing after craniofacial fracture, 155 adult wild-type mice were randomly arranged in 16 groups by time, 4 and 8 week, and treatment, ACS or Talymed, loaded with control, low, medium or high dosages of rhBMP2. At experimental end points, skulls were subjected to microCT, biomechanical, and histological analysis to assess bone regeneration.</div>
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The use of Talymed within the defect site was found to decrease the bone volume, bone formation rate, and alkaline phosphatase positivity compared to ACS/rhBMP2 combinations. Interestingly, the Talymed regenerated bone, although less, was found to have a greater hardness value than that of bone within the ACS groups. However, the difference in bone hardness between scaffolds was not detectable by 8 weeks.</div>
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Advanced Biomaterials 2018http://www.blogger.com/profile/08845601789698711616noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1994657549382286983.post-57909555005453487612018-08-16T05:10:00.003-07:002018-08-16T05:10:56.357-07:00Advances in Skin Regeneration Using Tissue Engineering<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">Advances in Skin Regeneration Using Tissue Engineering :</span></b></div>
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Tissue engineered skin substitutes for wound healing have evolved tremendously over the last couple of years. New advances have been made toward developing skin substitutes made up of artificial and natural materials. Engineered skin substitutes are developed from acellular materials or can be synthesized from autologous, allograft, xenogenic, or synthetic sources. Each of these engineered skin substitutes has their advantages and disadvantages. However, to this date, a complete functional skin substitute is not available, and research is continuing to develop a competent full thickness skin substitute product that can vascularize rapidly. There is also a need to redesign the currently available substitutes to make them user friendly, commercially affordable, and viable with longer shelf life.</div>
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Approaches for Tissue Engineering:</h2>
Different strategies, such as injecting growth factors and extracellular matrix, are being adopted towards tissue re-growth and wound healing. Some of the recent strategies are listed below.<br />
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<li class="html-italic">Cell Cocultures</li>
<li class="html-italic">Cultured Epithelial Autografts</li>
<li class="html-italic">Tissue Engineered Skin Substitutes</li>
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<strong>Tissue engineered skin substitute preparation. Bold lines indicate cell type for tissue engineered substitute and dotted lines indicate cell source</strong></div>
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Types of Skin Substitutes:</h2>
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<li class="html-italic">Acellular Skin Substitutes</li>
<li class="html-italic">Cellular Allogenic Skin Substitutes</li>
<li class="html-italic">Cellular Autologous Skin Substitutes</li>
<li class="html-italic">Commercially Available Skin Substitutes</li>
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<strong>Tissue engineered skin substitutes</strong></div>
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Advanced Biomaterials 2018http://www.blogger.com/profile/08845601789698711616noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1994657549382286983.post-7113678358688261322018-08-14T04:54:00.002-07:002018-08-14T04:54:37.114-07:00<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<b>Biomaterials and Therapeutic Applications : </b><br />
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Millions of patients worldwide have benefited from technological innovation from biomaterials. Yet, while life expectancy continues to increase, organ failure and traumatic injury continue to fill hospitals and diminish the quality of life. A number of organic and inorganic, synthetic or natural derived materials have been classified as not harmful for the human body and are appropriate for medical applications. These materials are usually named biomaterials since they are suitable for introduction into living human tissues of prosthesis, as well as for drug delivery, diagnosis, therapies, tissue regeneration and many other clinical applications. Advances in understanding disease and tissue regeneration combined with increased accessibility of modern technology have created new opportunities for the use of biomaterials in unprecedented ways. Materials can now be rapidly created and selected to target specific cells, change shape in response to external stimulus, and instruct tissue regeneration. Recently, nanomaterials and bioabsorbable polymers have greatly enlarged the fields of application of biomaterials attracting much more the attention of the biomedical community.</div>
One such example is use of Biomaterials in Cardiac Therapy is mentioned below.<br />
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Advanced Biomaterials 2018http://www.blogger.com/profile/08845601789698711616noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1994657549382286983.post-85578912036053644822018-08-13T05:33:00.004-07:002018-08-13T05:33:58.577-07:00<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<b>Synthesis and surface engineering of iron oxide Nanoparticles for Biomedical applications : </b><br />
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Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) with appropriate surface chemistry have been widely used experimentally for numerous in vivo applications such as magnetic resonance imaging contrast enhancement, tissue repair, immunoassay, detoxification of biological fluids, hyperthermia, drug delivery and in cell separation, etc. All these biomedical and bioengineering applications require that these nanoparticles have high magnetization values and size smaller than 100 nm with overall narrow particle size distribution, so that the particles have uniform physical and chemical properties. In addition, these applications need special surface coating of the magnetic particles, which has to be not only non-toxic and biocompatible but also allow a targetable delivery with particle localization in a specific area. To this end, most work in this field has been done in improving the biocompatibility of the materials, but only a few scientific investigations and developments have been carried out in improving the quality of magnetic particles, their size distribution, their shape and surface in addition to characterizing them to get a protocol for the quality control of these particles. Nature of surface coatings and their subsequent geometric arrangement on the nanoparticles determine not only the overall size of the colloid but also play a significant role in biokinetics and biodistribution of nanoparticles in the body. The types of specific coating, or derivatization, for these nanoparticles depend on the end application and should be chosen by keeping a particular application in mind, whether it be aimed at inflammation response or anti-cancer agents. Magnetic nanoparticles can bind to drugs, proteins, enzymes, antibodies, or nucleotides and can be directed to an organ, tissue, or tumour using an external magnetic field or can be heated in alternating magnetic fields for use in hyperthermia.</div>
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Advanced Biomaterials 2018http://www.blogger.com/profile/08845601789698711616noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1994657549382286983.post-15263268028839793922018-08-10T00:27:00.000-07:002018-08-10T00:27:17.007-07:00<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<b>Coating of Biomaterials with emphasis on microwave technology : </b><br />
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Research in medical science is always seeking new technologies which meet the growing demands of better, more stable and durable implant in body environment. An ideal implant should excel in both the basic requirements i.e. in mechanical properties and in biocompatibility. Till now, very few materials can fulfill both the needs. To cope up with the emerging demands, new inventions are always required. Mechanical properties of implant like strength besides adhesion and integration of implant with human tissue is of paramount importance. Recent development in this field led to development of various biocoatings which exhibit enhanced integration of implant with the human tissue. Various recent technologies used in coating of metallic implants.These alternative coating techniques have shown better adhesion to varieties of substrates. Microwave processing is emerging as an innovative technology in efficient, economic, effective manner with many advantages. An example of Microwave-Assisted Dip Coating of <span class="html-italic">Aloe Vera</span> on Metallocene Polyethylene Incorporated with Nano-Rods of Hydroxyapaptite for Bone Tissue Engineering is shown below.</div>
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<img alt="coatings-07-00182-g001" class=" size-full wp-image-439 aligncenter" height="400" src="https://advancedbiomaterials2018.files.wordpress.com/2018/07/coatings-07-00182-g001.png" width="388" /></div>
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Advanced Biomaterials 2018http://www.blogger.com/profile/08845601789698711616noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1994657549382286983.post-38006329519188062062018-08-09T04:44:00.000-07:002018-08-09T04:44:49.450-07:00<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<b>Stem-cell-based Tissue Engineering of Murine Teeth :</b><br />
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Teeth develop from reciprocal interactions between mesenchyme cells and epithelium, where the epithelium provides the instructive information for initiation. Based on these initial tissue interactions, we have replaced the mesenchyme cells with mesenchyme created by aggregation of cultured non-dental stem cells in mice. Recombinations between non-dental cell-derived mesenchyme and embryonic oral epithelium stimulate an odontogenic response in the stem cells. Embryonic stem cells, neural stem cells, and adult bone-marrow-derived cells all responded by expressing odontogenic genes. Transfer of recombinations into adult renal capsules resulted in the development of tooth structures and associated bone. Moreover, transfer of embryonic tooth primordia into the adult jaw resulted in development of tooth structures, showing that an embryonic primordium can develop in its adult environment. These results thus provide a significant advance toward the creation of artificial embryonic tooth primordia from cultured cells that can be used to replace missing teeth following transplantation into the adult mouth.</div>
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<img alt="Schematic-representation-of-various-stem-cell-based-strategies-used-for-dental-pulp" class=" size-full wp-image-436 alignnone" height="290" src="https://advancedbiomaterials2018.files.wordpress.com/2018/07/schematic-representation-of-various-stem-cell-based-strategies-used-for-dental-pulp.png" width="400" /></div>
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Advanced Biomaterials 2018http://www.blogger.com/profile/08845601789698711616noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1994657549382286983.post-81823832567503814612018-08-07T05:07:00.004-07:002018-08-07T05:07:33.819-07:00<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<b>Topological design and additive manufacturing of porous metals for Bone Scaffolds and Orthopaedic Implants : </b><br />
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One of the critical issues in orthopaedic regenerative medicine is the design of bone scaffolds and implants that replicate the biomechanical properties of the host bones. Porous metals have found themselves to be suitable candidates for repairing or replacing the damaged bones since their stiffness and porosity can be adjusted on demands. Another advantage of porous metals lies in their open space for the in-growth of bone tissue, hence accelerating the osseointegration process. The fabrication of porous metals has been extensively explored over decades, however only limited controls over the internal architecture can be achieved by the conventional processes. Recent advances in additive manufacturing have provided unprecedented opportunities for producing complex structures to meet the increasing demands for implants with customized mechanical performance. At the same time, topology optimization techniques have been developed to enable the internal architecture of porous metals to be designed to achieve specified mechanical properties at will. Thus implants designed via the topology optimization approach and produced by additive manufacturing are of great interest. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art of topological design and manufacturing processes of various types of porous metals, in particular for titanium alloys, biodegradable metals and shape memory alloys.</div>
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<img alt="Titanium-Hip-Implant" class=" size-full wp-image-432 aligncenter" height="266" src="https://advancedbiomaterials2018.files.wordpress.com/2018/07/titanium-hip-implant.png" width="400" /></div>
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<img alt="Acetabular_cup_with_SEM" class=" size-full wp-image-433 aligncenter" height="276" src="https://advancedbiomaterials2018.files.wordpress.com/2018/07/acetabular_cup_with_sem.jpg" width="400" /></div>
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Advanced Biomaterials 2018http://www.blogger.com/profile/08845601789698711616noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1994657549382286983.post-71729986586499193372018-08-06T05:25:00.001-07:002018-08-06T05:25:51.192-07:00<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b>Caffeine-catalyzed gels : </b></div>
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Covalently cross-linked gels are utilized in a broad range of biomedical applications though their synthesis often compromises easy implementation. Cross-linking reactions commonly utilize catalysts or conditions that can damage biologics and sensitive compounds, producing materials that require extensive post processing to achieve acceptable biocompatibility. As an alternative, we report a batch synthesis platform to produce covalently cross-linked materials appropriate for direct biomedical application enabled by green chemistry and commonly available food grade ingredients. Using caffeine, a mild base, to catalyze anhydrous carboxylate ring-opening of diglycidyl-ether functionalized monomers with citric acid as a tri-functional crosslinking agent we introduce a novel poly(ester-ether) gel synthesis platform. We demonstrate that biocompatible Caffeine Catalyzed Gels (CCGs) exhibit dynamic physical, chemical, and mechanical properties, which can be tailored in shape, surface texture, solvent response, cargo release, shear and tensile strength, among other potential attributes. The demonstrated versatility, low cost and facile synthesis of these CCGs renders them appropriate for a broad range of customized engineering applications including drug delivery constructs, tissue engineering scaffolds, and medical devices.</div>
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<img alt="usingcaffein" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-427" height="266" src="https://advancedbiomaterials2018.files.wordpress.com/2018/07/usingcaffein.jpg" width="400" /></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1994657549382286983.post-79673450857911275422018-08-02T04:44:00.003-07:002018-08-02T04:44:48.512-07:00<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<b>The 3D printing of gelatin methacrylamide cell-laden tissue-engineered constructs with high cell viability : </b><br />
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In the present study, we report on the combined efforts of material chemistry, engineering and biology as a systemic approach for the fabrication of high viability 3D printed macroporous gelatin methacrylamide constructs. First, we propose the use and optimization of VA-086 as a photo-initiator with enhanced biocompatibility compared to the conventional Irgacure 2959. Second, a parametric study on the printing of gelatins was performed in order to characterize and compare construct architectures. Hereby, the influence of the hydrogel building block concentration, the printing temperature, the printing pressure, the printing speed, and the cell density were analyzed in depth. As a result, scaffolds could be designed having a 100% interconnected pore network in the gelatin concentration range of 10-20 w/v%. In the last part, the fabrication of cell-laden scaffolds was studied, whereby the application for tissue engineering was tested by encapsulation of the hepatocarcinoma cell line (HepG2). Printing pressure and needle shape was revealed to impact the overall cell viability.</div>
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<img alt="Gelatin3D" class=" size-full wp-image-424 aligncenter" height="250" src="https://advancedbiomaterials2018.files.wordpress.com/2018/07/gelatin3d.jpg" width="610" /></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1994657549382286983.post-33904362202957117502018-07-30T05:20:00.000-07:002018-07-30T05:20:18.398-07:00Biocompatibility of Injectable Materials<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span class="topic-highlight">Biomaterials</span> considered for use in regenerative medicine must possess certain basic requirements, including biocompatibility, biodegradation at a controlled rate to non-toxic breakdown products, support of cellular infiltration and tissue ingrowth, mechanical properties consistent with the requirements of the host tissue, and handling properties that facilitate ease of use in a clinical environment. Injectable <span class="topic-highlight">biomaterials</span> present significant advantages relative to implants, such as the ability to conform to complex anatomical defects and to be administered using minimally invasive techniques. For example, in the field of orthopedics, injectable <span class="topic-highlight">biomaterials</span> are of interest for a number of clinical indications, including filling of defects in trabecular bone at sites that are not weight-bearing and in contained defects where the structural bone is intact. However, injectable <span class="topic-highlight">biomaterials</span> also present additional challenges beyond the basic requirements for biomedical implants described above. A primary concern is the toxicity and ultimate fate of reactive intermediates that are not incorporated in the final cured product. Additionally, the injected material may have adverse effects on surrounding host tissue due to the reactivity of specific components or to the release of heat through a reaction exotherm. In some cases, the viscosity of the injected material may be too low, resulting in extravasation of the material into surrounding tissues where it has an adverse effect. Injectable <span class="topic-highlight">biomaterials</span> that are currently being investigated and developed as <span id="p355"></span>therapies for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.</div>
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<img alt="Biomaterials-for-cardiac-applications" class=" size-full wp-image-413 aligncenter" height="240" src="https://advancedbiomaterials2018.files.wordpress.com/2018/07/biomaterials-for-cardiac-applications.png" width="400" /></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1994657549382286983.post-10730181474041343932018-07-28T02:36:00.000-07:002018-07-28T02:36:28.679-07:00<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<b>The role of Bioreactors in Tissue Engineering :</b><br />
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<em>Ex vivo</em> engineering of living tissues is a rapidly developing area with the potential to impact significantly on a wide-range of biomedical applications. Major obstacles to the generation of functional tissues and their widespread clinical use are related to a limited understanding of the regulatory role of specific physicochemical culture parameters on tissue development, and the high manufacturing costs of the few commercially available engineered tissue products. By enabling reproducible and controlled changes of specific environmental factors, bioreactor systems provide both the technological means to reveal fundamental mechanisms of cell function in a 3D environment, and the potential to improve the quality of engineered tissues. In addition, by automating and standardizing tissue manufacture in controlled closed systems, bioreactors could reduce production costs, thus facilitating a wider use of engineered tissues.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_706zuu8FITp3r7PiBjUYVALdguHh9eDEmGS3dxPB_1d5sTXX-yB60wtbBlL7RRQQG_1387m6-v24ntV-JsUGYZ2pXMU4Rc0ZIEcOkaluaw-DG6wEo1kOTLyEOhnLQUQfDb1_mAP9-EE/s1600/Bioreactor.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="301" data-original-width="400" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_706zuu8FITp3r7PiBjUYVALdguHh9eDEmGS3dxPB_1d5sTXX-yB60wtbBlL7RRQQG_1387m6-v24ntV-JsUGYZ2pXMU4Rc0ZIEcOkaluaw-DG6wEo1kOTLyEOhnLQUQfDb1_mAP9-EE/s320/Bioreactor.png" width="320" /></a></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1994657549382286983.post-37190388481424096722018-07-23T04:43:00.002-07:002018-07-23T04:43:47.754-07:00<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<b>Bioactive Glass in Tissue Engineering:</b><br />
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Bioactive glass has several appealing characteristics as a scaffold material for bone tissue engineering. New bioactive glasses based on borate and borosilicate compositions have shown the ability to enhance new bone formation when compared to silicate bioactive glass. Borate-based bioactive glasses also have controllable degradation rates, so the degradation of the bioactive glass implant can be more closely matched to the rate of new bone formation. Bioactive glasses can be doped with trace quantities of elements such as Cu, Zn and Sr, which are known to be beneficial for healthy bone growth. In addition to the new bioactive glasses, recent advances in biomaterials processing have resulted in the creation of scaffold architectures with a range of mechanical properties suitable for the substitution of loaded as well as non-loaded bone. While bioactive glass has been extensively investigated for bone repair, there has been relatively little research on the application of bioactive glass to the repair of soft tissues. However, recent work has shown the ability of bioactive glass to promote angiogenesis, which is critical to numerous applications in tissue regeneration, such as neovascularization for bone regeneration and the healing of soft tissue wounds. Bioactive glass has also been shown to enhance neocartilage formation during in vitro culture of chondrocyte-seeded hydrogels, and to serve as a subchondral substrate for tissue-engineered osteochondral constructs. Methods used to manipulate the structure and performance of bioactive glass in these tissue engineering applications are analyzed.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPYGm1XRu_OvnVIdlKJR3rHEu-FZ3l4YRyA0AoT1UUlZUNwwN3lKz2RA2gQ6RBMlispQUSDN6z3nESDjmq16QhH6_SM6RSDodMyDublw1-GSn6-_8tVP7CWs-QH31Amxfp2fn4sH799vY/s1600/6482649.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="306" data-original-width="960" height="127" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPYGm1XRu_OvnVIdlKJR3rHEu-FZ3l4YRyA0AoT1UUlZUNwwN3lKz2RA2gQ6RBMlispQUSDN6z3nESDjmq16QhH6_SM6RSDodMyDublw1-GSn6-_8tVP7CWs-QH31Amxfp2fn4sH799vY/s400/6482649.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1994657549382286983.post-54280364346401561272018-07-18T05:14:00.002-07:002018-07-18T05:14:33.312-07:00<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<b>Supramolecular Biomaterials in kidney regeneration and replacement strategies :</b><br />
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The kidney is the primary organ involved in the filtration and excretion of waste, and toxic compounds from the blood. The nephron is the kidney’s functional component which is damaged or impaired in most renal diseases. In the Dutch population around 11% is suffering of mild to severe renal disease, with an increasing prevalence as the population ages.</div>
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As of yet there are only two treatment options for end stage kidney disease; dialysis, and kidney transplantation. Both options are far from ideal. Dialysis requires frequent visits to the clinic, and is incapable of clearing protein bound uremic toxins. Organ transplantation is limited by donor shortage, acute rejection, and a lifelong need for immunosuppressive therapy. Therefore, improvements are needed in kidney regeneration and replacement strategies.</div>
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In our previous research we have shown that supramolecular biomaterials can be created, mimicking the renal basement membrane. It was shown that these biomaterials are able to control in-vitro functioning of renal epithelial cells. Important in the further development of functional biomaterials, is their interaction with cells via bioactive functionalities, such as peptides. In the current research we aim at resolving the interactions of the cell with the bioactive supramolecular biomaterial at a microscopic and molecular level. Combination of these insights with established renal cell function assays is proposed to gain fundamental insights in renal cell behavior on supramolecular surfaces. This is proposed to lead to the development of materials that can be applied to ameliorate dialysis and possibly to in-situ regenerate renal tissue.</div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1994657549382286983.post-54758649137612277022018-07-16T05:22:00.003-07:002018-07-16T05:22:41.632-07:00<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<b>DNA delivery from polymer matrices for Tissue Engineering : </b><br />
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Engineered tissues by the incorporation and sustained release of plasmids encoding tissue-inductive proteins from polymer matrices. Matrices of poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLG) were loaded with plasmid, which was subsequently released over a period ranging from days to a month in vitro. Sustained delivery of plasmid DNA from matrices led to the transfection of large numbers of cells. Furthermore, in vivo delivery of a plasmid encoding platelet-derived growth factor enhanced matrix deposition and blood vessel formation in the developing tissue. This contrasts with direct injection of the plasmid, which did not significantly affect tissue formation. This method of DNA delivery may find utility in tissue engineering and gene therapy applications.</div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1994657549382286983.post-3050060963270036162018-07-09T04:36:00.003-07:002018-07-09T04:36:38.940-07:00<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<b>Bladder Biomechanics and the use of Scaffolds for Regenerative Medicine in the Urinary Bladder : </b><br />
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The urinary bladder is a complex organ with the primary functions of storing urine under low and stable pressure and micturition. Many clinical conditions can cause poor bladder compliance, reduced capacity, and incontinence, requiring bladder augmentation or use of regenerative techniques and scaffolds. To replicate an organ that is under frequent mechanical loading and unloading, special attention towards fulfilling its biomechanical requirements is necessary. Several biological and synthetic scaffolds are available, with various characteristics that qualify them for use in bladder regeneration in vitro and in vivo, including in the treatment of clinical conditions. The biomechanical properties of the native bladder can be investigated using a range of mechanical tests for standardized assessments, as well as mathematical and computational bladder biomechanics. Despite a large body of research into tissue engineering of the bladder wall, some features of the native bladder and the scaffolds used to mimic it need further elucidation.</div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1994657549382286983.post-36584771856779833382018-07-05T05:26:00.001-07:002018-07-09T04:37:02.992-07:00<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<b>Characteristics and applications of titanium oxide as a Biomaterial for medical implants : </b><br />
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There is considerable interest in TiO2 for a wide range
of applications; however, it mainly focuses on its uses as a biomaterial,
particularly for biomedical implant devices. The main characteristics required
for this application have been considered. Methods for producing TiO2 and
Ag doped TiO2 films are summarized. The interactions of the films
containing body fluids, mainly with blood components such as
proteins, are discussed. Various techniques, including surface
analysis methods, have been employed to characterize the undoped and Ag
doped TiO2 films. Their behaviour under normal conditions inside the body,
such as physiological pH, has been investigated.<o:p></o:p></div>
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