Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Research :
There is significant potential in the orofacial complex for fracture healing, bone augmentation, TMJ cartilage repair or regeneration, pulpal repair, periodontal ligament regeneration, and osseointegration for implants. Regenerative treatments require the three key elements: an extracellular matrix scaffold (which can be synthetic), progenitor/stem cells, and inductive morphogenetic signals. The oral cavity offers special advantages over other parts of the body for tissue engineering because there is ready access and ease of observation. At the present time, the signaling processes that control the development of discrete dental morphologies for incisors, canines, premolars, and molars are not clear. Successful bioengineering of recognizable tooth structures has been reported using cells from dissociated porcine third molar tooth buds seeded on biodegradable polymer scaffolds that were grown in rat hosts for twenty to thirty weeks. Successful bioengineering has demonstrated that mature tooth structures form single-cell suspensions of four-day postnatal cultured rat tooth bud cells on polylactic acid scaffolds grown as implants in the omenta of adult rat hosts over twelve weeks. Murine teeth have been produced recently using stem cell-based engineering techniques.
There is significant potential in the orofacial complex for fracture healing, bone augmentation, TMJ cartilage repair or regeneration, pulpal repair, periodontal ligament regeneration, and osseointegration for implants. Regenerative treatments require the three key elements: an extracellular matrix scaffold (which can be synthetic), progenitor/stem cells, and inductive morphogenetic signals. The oral cavity offers special advantages over other parts of the body for tissue engineering because there is ready access and ease of observation. At the present time, the signaling processes that control the development of discrete dental morphologies for incisors, canines, premolars, and molars are not clear. Successful bioengineering of recognizable tooth structures has been reported using cells from dissociated porcine third molar tooth buds seeded on biodegradable polymer scaffolds that were grown in rat hosts for twenty to thirty weeks. Successful bioengineering has demonstrated that mature tooth structures form single-cell suspensions of four-day postnatal cultured rat tooth bud cells on polylactic acid scaffolds grown as implants in the omenta of adult rat hosts over twelve weeks. Murine teeth have been produced recently using stem cell-based engineering techniques.
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